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Ancient #Rome Acta Diurna 16th January: In some ways “Day 1 of the Roman Empire” On January 16, 27 BC, the Senate awarded Octavian the title "Augustus," meaning "Revered One" or "Venerable One," signifying his unique position above other Roman leaders. This marked the beginning of the Principate, the first phase of the Roman Empire, where Augustus held power under the guise of restoring the Republic. He retained control over the army, the treasury, and the most crucial provinces, ensuring his authority while maintaining the Senate’s nominal role. Augustus sought to present himself as the restorer of traditional Roman values and stability after the chaos of the Civil Wars. He took on the role as Pontifex Maximus (chief priest) symbolizing his connection to the gods and tying his leadership to religious piety. Livia Drusilla Becomes Empress: Though she never officially held the title of "empress" (a modern term), Livia wielded significant influence as Augusta, the #mother of the imperial family. Livia embodied Roman ideals of modesty, loyalty, and matronly virtue, serving as a role model for #Roman #women. Acting as Augustus’ trusted advisor she was instrumental in securing the succession of her son, Tiberius, as the next emperor. 10AD Tiberius dedicated the refurbished temple of Concordia Augusta in the Forum, symbolizing harmonious relations between the Senate and the emperor, which Augustus sought to cultivate. The goddess Concordia represented unity and cooperation within the state, aligning with Augustus' propaganda of restoring peace and order (Pax Romana). Satirists and writers share mixed views: Augustus a consummate spin doctor masking his dictatorship under the veil of the #Republican principate and his #wife Livia as a powerful political schemer intent on bringing her own son Tiberius to the throne. #art #poetry #bibliophile #books #history #romanhistory #literature #writing #theatre #cinema #architecture #design #latin #collect #antique #birthday #beauty #creativity #painting #philosophy #NEWHUMANISM